compact weaver

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[English Word] African golden weaver

[English Plural] African golden weavers

[Taxonomy] Ploceus subaureus

[Swahili Word] mnana tumbo-dhahabu

[Swahili Plural] minana tumbo-dhahabu

[Part of Speech] noun

[Class] 3/4an

[Terminology] ornithology

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[English Word] Baglafecht weaver

[English Plural] Baglafecht weavers

[Taxonomy] Ploceus baglafecht

[Swahili Word] kwera uso-mweusi

[Swahili Plural] kwera uso-mweusi

[Part of Speech] noun

[Class] 9/10an

[Terminology] ornithology

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[English Word] Bertram's weaver

[English Plural] Bertram's weavers

[Taxonomy] Ploceus bertrandi

[Swahili Word] kwera kisogo-cheusi

[Swahili Plural] kwera kisogo-cheusi

[Part of Speech] noun

[Class] 9/10an

[Terminology] ornithology

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[English Word] black-billed weaver

[English Plural] black-billed weavers

[Taxonomy] Ploceus melanogaster

[Swahili Word] kwera kichwa-njano

[Swahili Plural] kwera kichwa-njano

[Part of Speech] noun

[Class] 9/10an

[Terminology] ornithology

[Note] New proposed name

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[English Word] black-capped social weaver

[English Plural] black-capped social weavers

[Taxonomy] Pseudonigrita cabanisi

[Swahili Word] korobindo utosi-mweusi

[Swahili Plural] korobindo utosi-mweusi

[Part of Speech] noun

[Class] 9/10an

[Terminology] ornithology

[Note] New proposed name

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[English Word] black-headed weaver

[English Plural] black-headed weavers

[Taxonomy] Ploceus cucullatus

[Swahili Word] village weaver

[Swahili Plural] village weavers

[Part of Speech] noun

[Class] 9/10an

[Terminology] ornithology

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[English Word] black-necked weaver

[English Plural] black-necked weavers

[Taxonomy] Ploceus nigricollis

[Swahili Word] kwera shingo-nyeusi

[Swahili Plural] kwera shingo-nyeusi

[Part of Speech] noun

[Class] 9/10an

[Terminology] ornithology

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[English Word] brown-capped weaver

[English Plural] brown-capped weavers

[Taxonomy] Ploceus insignis

[Swahili Word] kwera kichwa-kahawia

[Swahili Plural] kwera kichwa-kahawia

[Part of Speech] noun

[Class] 9/10an

[Terminology] ornithology

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[English Word] chestnut weaver

[English Plural] chestnut weavers

[Taxonomy] Ploceus rubiginosus

[Swahili Word] kwera kahawiachekundu

[Swahili Plural] kwera kahawiachekundu

[Part of Speech] noun

[Class] 9/10an

[Terminology] ornithology

[Note] New proposed name

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[English Word] chestnut-crowned sparrow weaver

[English Plural] chestnut-crowned sparrow weavers

[Taxonomy] Plocepasser superciliosus

[Swahili Word] korobindo utosi-mwekundu

[Swahili Plural] korobindo utosi-mwekundu

[Part of Speech] noun

[Class] 9/10an

[Terminology] ornithology

[Note] New proposed name

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[English Word] Clarke's weaver

[English Plural] Clarke's weavers

[Taxonomy] Ploceus golandi

[Swahili Word] kwera wa Clarke

[Swahili Plural] kwera wa Clarke

[Part of Speech] noun

[Class] 9/10an

[Terminology] ornithology

[Note] New proposed name

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[English Word] compact weaver

[English Plural] compact weavers

[Taxonomy] Ploceus superciliosus

[Swahili Word] kwera domo-nene

[Swahili Plural] kwera domo-nene

[Part of Speech] noun

[Class] 9/10an

[Terminology] ornithology

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[English Word] dark-backed weaver

[English Plural] dark-backed weavers

[Taxonomy] Ploceus bicolor

[Swahili Word] kwera rangi-mbili

[Swahili Plural] kwera rangi-mbili

[Part of Speech] noun

[Class] 9/10an

[Terminology] ornithology

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[English Word] Donaldson-Smith's sparrow weaver

[English Plural] Donaldson-Smith's sparrow weavers

[Taxonomy] Plocepasser donaldsoni

[Swahili Word] korobindo wa Donaldson

[Swahili Plural] korobindo wa Donaldson

[Part of Speech] noun

[Class] 9/10an

[Terminology] ornithology

[Note] New proposed name

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[English Word] golden palm weaver

[English Plural] golden palm weavers

[Taxonomy] Ploceus bojeri

[Swahili Word] mnana-minazi

[Swahili Plural] minana-minazi

[Part of Speech] noun

[Class] 3/4an

[Terminology] ornithology

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[English Word] golden weaver

[English Plural] golden weavers

[Taxonomy] Ploceus sp.

[Swahili Word] mnana

[Swahili Plural] minana

[Part of Speech] noun

[Class] 3/4an

[Terminology] ornithology

[Note] used for yellow-headed weavers

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[English Word] grey-headed social weaver

[English Plural] grey-headed social weavers

[Taxonomy] Pseudonigrita arnaudi

[Swahili Word] korobindo kichwa-kijivu

[Swahili Plural] korobindo kichwa-kijivu

[Part of Speech] noun

[Class] 9/10an

[Terminology] ornithology

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[English Word] grosbeak weaver

[English Plural] grosbeak weavers

[Taxonomy] Amblyospiza albifrons

[Swahili Word] katadole

[Swahili Plural] katadole

[Part of Speech] noun

[Class] 9/10an

[Derived Language] Swahili

[Derived Word] kata, dole

[Related Words] yombiyombi

[Terminology] ornithology

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[English Word] Grosbeak weaver

[English Plural] Grosbeak weavers

[Swahili Word] yombiyombi

[Swahili Plural] yombiyombi

[Part of Speech] noun

[Class] 9/10an

[Related Words] katadole

[Terminology] ornithology

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[English Word] grosbeak weaver

[English Plural] grosbeak weavers

[Taxonomy] Amblyospiza albifrons

[Swahili Word] yombeyombe

[Swahili Plural] yombeyombe

[Part of Speech] noun

[Class] 9/10an

[Terminology] ornithology

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[English Word] Heuglin's masked weaver

[English Plural] Heuglin's masked weavers

[Taxonomy] Ploceus heuglini

[Swahili Word] kwera wa Heuglin

[Swahili Plural] kwera wa Heuglin

[Part of Speech] noun

[Class] 9/10an

[Terminology] ornithology

[Note] New proposed name

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[English Word] Holub's golden weaver

[English Plural] Holub's golden weavers

[Taxonomy] Ploceus xanthops

[Swahili Word] mnana mkubwa

[Swahili Plural] minana wakubwa

[Part of Speech] noun

[Class] 3/4an

[Terminology] ornithology

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[English Word] Jackson's golden-backed weaver

[English Plural] Jackson's golden-backed weavers

[Taxonomy] Ploceus jacksoni

[Swahili Word] kwera mgongo-dhahabu

[Swahili Plural] kwera mgongo-dhahabu

[Part of Speech] noun

[Class] 9/10an

[Terminology] ornithology

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[English Word] Juba weaver

[English Plural] Juba weavers

[Taxonomy] Ploceus dichrocephalus

[Swahili Word] kwera wa Juba

[Swahili Plural] kwera wa Juba

[Part of Speech] noun

[Class] 9/10an

[Terminology] ornithology

[Note] New proposed name

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[English Word] Kersten's weaver

[English Plural] Kersten's weavers

[Taxonomy] Ploceus bicolor kersteni

[Swahili Word] kwera bintichuma

[Swahili Plural] kwera bintichuma

[Part of Speech] noun

[Class] 9/10an

[Terminology] ornithology

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[English Word] Kersten's weaver

[English Plural] Kersten's weavers

[Taxonomy] Ploceus bicolor kersteni

[Swahili Word] kinanda

[Swahili Plural] vinanda

[Part of Speech] noun

[Class] 7/8an

[Related Words] binti chuma

[English Definition] kind of bird that weaves its nest in the form of a small round basket

[Swahili Definition] aina ya ndege ambaye hufuma tago lake kwa umbo wa kijamanda

[Terminology] ornithology

[Note] used for other weaver species as well

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[English Word] Kilombero weaver

[English Plural] Kilombero weavers

[Taxonomy] Ploceus burnieri

[Swahili Word] kwera wa Kilombero

[Swahili Plural] kwera wa Kilombero

[Part of Speech] noun

[Class] 9/10an

[Terminology] ornithology

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[English Word] lesser masked weaver

[English Plural] lesser masked weavers

[Taxonomy] Ploceus intermedius

[Swahili Word] kwera macho-njano

[Swahili Plural] kwera macho-njano

[Part of Speech] noun

[Class] 9/10an

[Terminology] ornithology

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[English Word] little weaver

[English Plural] little weavers

[Taxonomy] Ploceus luteolus

[Swahili Word] kwera mdogo

[Swahili Plural] kwera wadogo

[Part of Speech] noun

[Class] 9/10an

[Terminology] ornithology

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[English Word] northern brown-throated weaver

[English Plural] northern brown-throated weavers

[Taxonomy] Ploceus castanops

[Swahili Word] mnana-mafunjo

[Swahili Plural] minana-mafunjo

[Part of Speech] noun

[Class] 3/4an

[Terminology] ornithology

[Note] New proposed name

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[English Word] northern masked weaver

[English Plural] northern masked weavers

[Taxonomy] Ploceus taeniopterus

[Swahili Word] kwera paji-jeusi

[Swahili Plural] kwera paji-jeusi

[Part of Speech] noun

[Class] 9/10an

[Terminology] ornithology

[Note] New proposed name

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[English Word] olive-headed golden weaver

[English Plural] olive-headed golden weavers

[Taxonomy] Ploceus olivaceiceps

[Swahili Word] mnana kichwa-kijani

[Swahili Plural] minana kichwa-kijani

[Part of Speech] noun

[Class] 3/4an

[Terminology] ornithology

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[English Word] orange weaver

[English Plural] orange weavers

[Taxonomy] Ploceus aurantius

[Swahili Word] mnana machungwa

[Swahili Plural] minana machungwa

[Part of Speech] noun

[Class] 3/4an

[Terminology] ornithology

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[English Word] parasitic weaver

[English Plural] parasitic weavers

[Taxonomy] Anomalospiza imberbis

[Swahili Word] yombeyombe manjano

[Swahili Plural] yombeyombe manjano

[Part of Speech] noun

[Class] 9/10an

[Terminology] ornithology

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[English Word] red-billed buffalo weaver

[English Plural] red-billed buffalo weavers

[Taxonomy] Bubalornis niger

[Swahili Word] manofi domo-jekundu

[Swahili Plural] manofi domo-jekundu

[Part of Speech] noun

[Class] 9/10an

[Terminology] ornithology

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[English Word] red-headed weaver

[English Plural] red-headed weavers

[Taxonomy] Anaplectes rubriceps

[Swahili Word] pasha tumbo-jeupe

[Swahili Plural] pasha tumbo-jeupe

[Part of Speech] noun

[Class] 9/10an

[Terminology] ornithology

[Note] New proposed name

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[English Word] rufous-mantled sparrow weaver

[English Plural] rufous-mantled sparrow weavers

[Taxonomy] Plocepasser rufoscapulatus

[Swahili Word] korobindo mgongo-mwekundu

[Swahili Plural] korobindo mgongo-mwekundu

[Part of Speech] noun

[Class] 9/10an

[Terminology] ornithology

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[English Word] rufous-tailed weaver

[English Plural] rufous-tailed weavers

[Taxonomy] Histurgops ruficaudus

[Swahili Word] korobindo mkia-mwekundu

[Swahili Plural] korobindo mkia-mwekundu

[Part of Speech] noun

[Class] 9/10an

[Terminology] ornithology

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[English Word] slender-billed weaver

[English Plural] slender-billed weavers

[Taxonomy] Ploceus pelzelni

[Swahili Word] kwera domo-jembamba

[Swahili Plural] kwera domo-jembamba

[Part of Speech] noun

[Class] 9/10an

[Terminology] ornithology

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[English Word] southern brown-throated weaver

[English Plural] southern brown-throated weavers

[Taxonomy] Ploceus xanthopterus

[Swahili Word] mnana koo-kahawia

[Swahili Plural] minana koo-kahawia

[Part of Speech] noun

[Class] 3/4an

[Terminology] ornithology

[Note] New proposed name

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[English Word] speckle-fronted weaver

[English Plural] speckle-fronted weavers

[Taxonomy] Sporopipes frontalis

[Swahili Word] korobindo paji-madoa

[Swahili Plural] korobindo paji-madoa

[Part of Speech] noun

[Class] 9/10an

[Terminology] ornithology

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[English Word] spectacled weaver

[English Plural] spectacled weavers

[Taxonomy] Ploceus ocularis

[Swahili Word] kwera koo-jeusi

[Swahili Plural] kwera koo-jeusi

[Part of Speech] noun

[Class] 9/10an

[Terminology] ornithology

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[English Word] Speke's weaver

[English Plural] Speke's weavers

[Taxonomy] Ploceus spekei

[Swahili Word] kwera kidari-kahawia

[Swahili Plural] kwera kidari-kahawia

[Part of Speech] noun

[Class] 9/10an

[Terminology] ornithology

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[English Word] Tanganyika masked weaver

[English Plural] Tanganyika masked weavers

[Taxonomy] Ploceus reichardi

[Swahili Word] kwera wa Tanganyika

[Swahili Plural] kwera wa Tanganyika

[Part of Speech] noun

[Class] 9/10an

[Terminology] ornithology

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[English Word] Taveta golden weaver

[English Plural] Taveta golden weavers

[Taxonomy] Ploceus castaneiceps

[Swahili Word] mnana wa Taveta

[Swahili Plural] minana wa Taveta

[Part of Speech] noun

[Class] 3/4an

[Terminology] ornithology

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[English Word] Usambara weaver

[English Plural] Usambara weavers

[Taxonomy] Ploceus nicolli

[Swahili Word] kwera wa Usambara

[Swahili Plural] kwera wa Usambara

[Part of Speech] noun

[Class] 9/10an

[Terminology] ornithology

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[English Word] Vieillot's black weaver

[English Plural] Vieillot's black weavers

[Taxonomy] Ploceus nigerrimus

[Swahili Word] kwera mweusi

[Swahili Plural] kwera weusi

[Part of Speech] noun

[Class] 9/10an

[Terminology] ornithology

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[English Word] village weaver

[English Plural] village weavers

[Taxonomy] Ploceus cucullatus

[Swahili Word] kwera nguya

[Swahili Plural] kwera nguya

[Part of Speech] noun

[Class] 9/10an

[Terminology] ornithology

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[English Word] vitelline masked weaver

[English Plural] vitelline masked weavers

[Taxonomy] Ploceus velatus

[Swahili Word] kwera paji-jekundu

[Swahili Plural] kwera paji-jekundu

[Part of Speech] noun

[Class] 9/10an

[Terminology] ornithology

[Note] New proposed name

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[English Word] weaver

[English Plural] weavers

[Swahili Word] mfuma

[Swahili Plural] wafuma

[Part of Speech] noun

[Class] 1/2

[Derived Word] fuma

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[English Word] weaver

[English Plural] weavers

[Swahili Word] mfumaji

[Swahili Plural] wafumaji

[Part of Speech] noun

[Class] 1/2

[Derived Word] fuma

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[English Word] weaver

[English Plural] weavers

[Swahili Word] mfumi

[Swahili Plural] wafuma

[Part of Speech] noun

[Class] 1/2

[Derived Word] fuma

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[English Word] weaver

[English Plural] weavers

[Swahili Word] mfumi

[Swahili Plural] wafumi

[Part of Speech] noun

[Class] 1/2

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[English Word] weaver

[English Plural] weavers

[Swahili Word] msukaji

[Swahili Plural] wasukaji

[Part of Speech] noun

[Class] 1/2

[Derived Word] suka V

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[English Word] Weyns' weaver

[English Plural] Weyns' weavers

[Taxonomy] Ploceus weynsi

[Swahili Word] kwera kichwa-chekundu

[Swahili Plural] kwera kichwa-chekundu

[Part of Speech] noun

[Class] 9/10an

[Terminology] ornithology

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[English Word] Weyns' weaver

[English Plural] Weyns' weavers

[Taxonomy] Ploceus tricolor

[Swahili Word] kwera rangi-tatu

[Swahili Plural] kwera rangi-tatu

[Part of Speech] noun

[Class] 9/10an

[Terminology] ornithology

[Note] New proposed name

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[English Word] white-billed buffalo weaver

[English Plural] white-billed buffalo weavers

[Taxonomy] Bubalornis albirostris

[Swahili Word] manofi domo-jeupe

[Swahili Plural] manofi domo-jeupe

[Part of Speech] noun

[Class] 9/10an

[Terminology] ornithology

[Note] New proposed name

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[English Word] white-browed sparrow weaver

[English Plural] white-browed sparrow weavers

[Taxonomy] Plocepasser mahali

[Swahili Word] korobindo ushi-mweupe

[Swahili Plural] korobindo ushi-mweupe

[Part of Speech] noun

[Class] 9/10an

[Terminology] ornithology

[Note] New proposed name

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[English Word] white-headed buffalo weaver

[English Plural] white-headed buffalo weavers

[Taxonomy] Dinemellia dinemelli

[Swahili Word] manofi kichwa-cheupe

[Swahili Plural] manofi kichwa-cheupe

[Part of Speech] noun

[Class] 9/10an

[Terminology] ornithology

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[English Word] yellow-backed weaver

[English Plural] yellow-backed weavers

[Taxonomy] Ploceus melanocephalus

[Swahili Word] kwera mgongo-njano

[Swahili Plural] kwera mgongo-njano

[Part of Speech] noun

[Class] 9/10an

[Terminology] ornithology

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[English Word] yellow-mantled weaver

[English Plural] yellow-mantled weavers

[Taxonomy] Ploceus tricolor

[Swahili Word] kwera rangi-tatu

[Swahili Plural] kwera rangi-tatu

[Part of Speech] noun

[Class] 9/10an

[Terminology] ornithology

[Note] New proposed name

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—

1. LAT Ploceus superciliosus ( Shelley) [ Pachyphantes superciliosus ( Shelley)]

2. RUS коричневопоясничный ткач m

3. ENG compact weaver

4. DEU Braunbürzelweber m, Augenbrauenweber m

5. FRA tisserin m gros-bec

SUBJECT AREA: Textiles

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Radcliffe was brought up in the textile industry and learned carding and spinning as a child. When he was old enough, he became a weaver. It was a time when there were not enough weavers to work up all the yarn being spun on the recently invented spinning machines, so some yarn was exported. Radcliffe regarded this as a sin; meetings were held to prohibit the export, and Radcliffe promised to use his best endeavours to discover means to work up the yarn in England. He owned a mill at Mellor and by 1801 was employing over 1,000 hand-loom weavers. He wanted to improve their efficiency so they could compete against power looms, which were beginning to be introduced at that time.

His first step was to divide up as much as possible the different weaving processes, not unlike the plan adopted by Arkwright in spinning. In order to strengthen the warp yarns made of cotton and to reduce their tendency to fray during weaving, it was customary to apply an adhesive substance such as starch paste. This was brushed on as the warp was unwound from the back beam during weaving, so only short lengths could be treated before being dried. Instead of dressing the warp in the loom as was hitherto done, Radcliffe had it dressed in a separate machine, relieving the weaver of the trouble and saving the time wasted by the method previously used. Radcliffe employed a young man names Thomas Johnson, who proved to be a clever mechanic. Radcliffe patented his inventions in Johnson's name to avoid other people, especially foreigners, finding out his ideas. He took out his first patent, for a dressing machine, in March 1803 and a second the following year. The combined result of the two patents was the introduction of a beaming machine and a dressing machine which, in addition to applying the paste to the yarns and then drying them, wound them onto a beam ready for the loom. These machines enabled the weaver to work a loom with fewer stoppages; however, Radcliffe did not anticipate that his method of sizing would soon be applied to power looms as well and lead to the commercial success of powered weaving. Other manufacturers quickly adopted Radcliffe's system, and Radcliffe himself soon had to introduce power looms in his own business.

Radcliffe improved the hand looms themselves when, with the help of Johnson, he devised a cloth taking-up motion that wound the woven cloth onto a roller automatically as the weaver operated the loom. Radcliffe and Johnson also developed the "dandy loom", which was a more compact form of hand loom and was also later adapted for weaving by power. Radcliffe was among the witnesses before the Parliamentary Committee which in 1808 awarded Edmund Cartwright a grant for his invention of the power loom. Later Radcliffe was unsuccessfully to petition Parliament for a similar reward for his contributions to the introduction of power weaving. His business affairs ultimately failed partly through his own obstinacy and his continued opposition to the export of cotton yarn. He lived to be 81 years old and was buried in Mellor churchyard.

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SUBJECT AREA: Textiles

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Thomas Johnson was an assistant to William Radcliffe c.1802 in his developments of the sizing machine and hand looms. Johnson is described by Edward Baines (1835) as "an ingenious but dissipated young man to whom he [Radcliffe] explained what he wanted, and whose fertile invention suggested a great variety of expedients, so that he obtained the name of the “conjuror” among his fellow-workmen". Johnson's genius, and Radcliffe's judgement and perseverance, at length produced the dressing-machine that was soon applied to power looms and made their use economic. Cotton warps had to be dressed with a starch paste to prevent them from fraying as they were being woven. Up to this time, the paste had had to be applied as the warp was unwound from the back of the loom, which meant that only short lengths could be treated and then left to dry, holding up the weaver. Radcliffe carried out the dressing and beaming in a separate machine so that weaving could proceed without interruption. Work on the dressing-machine was carried out in 1802 and patents were taken out in 1803 and 1804. These were made out in Johnson's name because Radcliffe was afraid that if his own name were used other people, particularly foreigners, would discover his secrets. Two more patents were taken out for improvements to hand looms. The first of these was a take-up motion for the woven cloth that automatically wound the cloth onto a roller as the weaver operated the loom. This was later incorporated by H.Horrocks into his own power loom design.

Radcliffe and Johnson also developed the "dandy-loom", which was a more compact form of hand loom and later became adapted for weaving by power. Johnson was the inventor of the first circular or revolving temples, which kept the woven cloth at the right width. In the patent specifications there is a patent in 1805 by Thomas Johnson and James Kay for an improved power loom and another in 1807 for a vertical type of power loom. Johnson could have been involved with further patents in the 1830s and 1840s for vertical power looms and dressing-machines, which would put his death after 1846.

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SUBJECT AREA: Textiles

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On 6 April 1789 John Austin wrote to James Watt, seeking advice about patenting "a weaving loom I have invented to go by the hand, horse, water or any other constant power, to comb, brush, or dress the yarn at the same time as it is weaving \& by which one man will do the work of three and make superior work to what can be done by the common loom" (Boulton \& Watt Collection, Birmingham, James Watt Papers, JW/22). Watt replied that "there is a Clergyman by the name of Cartwright at Doncaster who has a patent for a similar contrivance" (Boulton \& Watt Collection, Birmingham, Letter Book 1, 15 April 1789). Watt pointed out that there was a large manufactory running at Doncaster and something of the same kind at Manchester with working power looms. Presumably, this reply deterred Austin from taking out a patent. However, some members of the Glasgow Chamber of Commerce continued developing the loom, and in 1798 one that was tried at the spinning mill of J.Monteith, of Pollokshaws, near Glasgow, answered the purpose so well that a building was erected and thirty of the looms were installed. Later, in 1800, this number was increased to 200, all of which were driven by a steam engine, and it was stated that one weaver and a boy could tend from three to five of these looms.

Austin's loom was worked by eccentrics, or cams. There was one cam on each side with "a sudden beak or projection" that drove the levers connected to the picking pegs, while other cams worked the heddles and drove the reed. The loom was also fitted with a weft stop motion and could produce more cloth than a hand loom, and worked at about sixty picks per minute. The pivoting of the slay at the bottom allowed the loom to be much more compact than previous ones.

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See also: Cartwright, Revd Edmund